Gambling involves risk-taking in the pursuit of an uncertain but potentially lucrative outcome. It’s a popular form of entertainment and recreation, with legal gambling opportunities available in many countries. However, the practice can be harmful and even a precursor to serious mental health problems. It’s important to recognize the signs and symptoms of a gambling problem in yourself or someone else. If you’re a victim of gambling addiction, treatment options are available to help.

Many people are hesitant to talk about their gambling problem, fearing that others won’t understand or be critical. They might lie to family and friends about the extent of their activity or continue to gamble despite mounting financial or personal debt, hoping to win back lost money. Problem gamblers often experience a sense of guilt, shame and remorse, but it’s important to seek help before things get out of control.

The compulsion to gamble is driven by the reward-seeking behaviours of certain brain regions. Certain genes may also make an individual more susceptible to gambling addiction. These genes influence the way in which an individual processes rewards, controls impulses and weighs risk. Research shows that people with an underactive brain reward system are more likely to experience addictive behaviours, such as excessive alcohol use and drug addiction.

There are many ways in which gambling can occur, from placing bets on sports events to playing online poker or DIY investing. In addition, there are cultural and moral beliefs about gambling that can make it difficult to recognise a problem. For example, some cultures value gambling as a ‘time out’ from the pressures of work and family life. It is important to consider how your culture influences your attitudes and beliefs about gambling and seek help when necessary.

A gambling addiction can be debilitating, affecting work, family and friends. In severe cases, it can lead to a high suicide rate. People with a gambling disorder are at higher risk of depression, anxiety and a host of physical illnesses. In addition, gambling can lead to criminal activities such as fraud, embezzlement and theft at work.

A common misconception is that gambling is an innocent form of leisure. In fact, gambling venues employ thousands of people from dealers and odds compilers to marketing and public relations staff. Gambling companies are real businesses that have to turn a profit or they won’t be in business long. However, the majority of people who walk into a casino or betting shop are not there to win. They are there for the enjoyment of games and the chance to socialize with others. To avoid becoming addicted to gambling, set boundaries in managing your money; be sure to review bank and credit card statements; and don’t gamble when you’re feeling down or depressed. In addition, talk about your gambling with someone who won’t judge you, such as a friend or professional counsellor. Lastly, reduce financial risk factors by removing credit cards from your wallet or leaving them at home, closing online betting accounts and carrying only small amounts of cash when you go out.